Nurture: People are a product of all things that come about through maturation and also everything learned through interactions with the environment as well as upbringing.
Nature and Nurture views are often perceived as determinist, however, this is mistaken as evolutionary psychologists suggest that genes only predispose us to behave in certain ways and this doesn't dictate what people choose to do.
An argument to one side of the approach can easily ignore the other end of the spectrum.
| Nature | Nurture | |
|---|---|---|
| Roots of the approach | Nativist philosophy, biology and evolutionary theory. | Empiricism philosophy and social psychology. |
| Causes of behaviour | Genetic determinism, inherited influence, maturational blueprint, neurochemical and hormonal influences and brain activity. | The mind is regarded as a 'black slate' at birth and therefore, knowledge and behaviour are the result of experience and learning from the environment. |
| Methods employed | Gene/chromosome mapping, twin and adoption studies, brain scanning, brain stimulation or damage studies and drug testing. | Use of classical and operant conditioning techniques to affect behaviour, manipulation of social environment to change behaviour. |
| Implication | Due to biological determinism, behaviour can only be changed through physical means, such as selective breeding, gene therapy, brain surgery or drugs. | Due to environmental determinism, behaviour can easily be changed through manipulating reinforcement and environmental conditions. |
| Criticisms | Reductionist - may neglect environmental factors. | Reductionist - may neglect biological factors. |
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